Animal Radio®

Are People Harming Their Pet For Drugs A lady in Kentucky was charged with fraud and torture after she cut her dog multiple times to get the opioid and pain-killer Tramadol. Is this just the tip of the iceberg? Dr. Kevin Fitzgerald is back to chime in on the national opioid crisis and how it affects our pets. Who’s Your Daddy? Mindy Tenenbaum has joined the ranks of the increasingly popular pet DNA testing industry. Her company, DNA My Dog, uses a sophisticated, yet easy to use cheek swab test that reveals your dog’s genetic make-up. This information can be used to moderate your pet’s health and understanding its behavior. Mindy will be giving away a DNA test to a deserving listener. Dogs Are Chick Magnets As much as it can irk cat people, studies show people with dogs are thought to be more approachable, happier and more empathetic. For men, there is also the chick magnet effect. But why is that? Dr. Helen Fisher a longtime relationship researcher who also consults Match.com says people are attracted to dog owners because, “It says you can care for a creature, that you can follow a schedule and get home to feed it, that you can walk it and love it and spend time with it.” Nearly 33% of respondents said they had been “more attracted to someone” because they had a pet. 66% of respondents said they would judge their date based on how he or she responded to their own pet. How Much Would You Pay To Save Your Cat? A little over a year ago Betsy Boyd of Baltimore got the bad news that her 17-year-old cat Stanley’s kidneys were failing and he likely had only a few months to live. So Betsy, who is a very frugal part time professor, made the decision for Stanley to have a $19,000 kidney transplant.

Why Is Pentobarbital In Our Pet Food? Jaclyn Bowen of the Clean Label Project is back to explain why our pet’s food supply is constantly jeopardized. What are the implications of the Blue Buffalo’s sale to General Mills? You should listen before you shop for pet food again. Understanding UTI Urinary Tract Infections are more common than you think. Did you know stress could cause a UTI in your cat or dog? Dr. Tony Huffington explains how a stressed animal is at higher risk for infection. Have you heard the Fear Free Pet Expert Series? People Prefer Pets Over Partners A study of 2,000 cat and dog owners shows more than half often prefer spending time with their pet instead of their partner. This is because they love unconditionally, they don’t nag, they never talk back and are always in a good mood. 3 in 10 adults say their pet is a better listener than their partner, while 45% like the fact they are never judged or questioned by their cat or dog. Surprisingly, 29% even say their four-legged friend is better at snuggling. Dog Tests Positive For Rabies After Biting Owners A family dog in Delaware has tested positive for rabies after biting his two adult owners. The dog was also not up to date on shots. The adults, who were bitten by the dog, have begun rabies treatment. Rabies is an infectious disease affecting the nervous system of humans and other mammals. Infection happens through the bite or scratch of an infected animal or if saliva from an infected animal gets into the eyes, nose, mouth, or an opening in the skin of the bite victim. Sleeping In The Doghouse A cold winter has led to the deaths of several dogs left outside in the elements. Ian Matheson spent the evening in the brutal cold weather to bring awareness to pet owners about the risks of leaving your dog outside overnight.

Not Sci-fi. A Device That Translates Woofs and Meows Into Words Dr. Con Slobodchikoff (Professor Emeritus NAU) believes we are close to developing a gadget that will translate what your dog or cat is saying into English words. While several novelty items are currently on the market, his work is based in science. Slobodchikoff says “So many people would dearly love to talk with their dog. With cats, I’m not sure what they’d have to say. A lot of times it might just be ‘you idiot, just feed me.’” What’s Really Behind The Smucker’s Pet Food Contamination What appears to be the biggest recall to date this year, Smucker’s (yes, the jelly people) is pulling some of the market’s lowest-grade food for pets. Names you’ve known forever, like Gravy Train, Kibbles ’n Bits, Ol’ Roy and Skippy have been found to have the euthanasia drug pentobarbital in low but illegal doses. This is indicative of problems with the food supply. Probably euthanized animals have been used as proteins. But if you think that’s the worst stuff in this food, you should see how it’s made. Catastrophic Year for United Airlines Pet Passengers Last year, 24 animals transported as cargo by U.S. airlines were found to have died in-flight and another 15 were injured, according to a new report by the Department of Transportation. The deaths and injuries were only a small percentage of the nearly 507,000 animals transported by 17 airlines. The biggest air carrier at Newark, United Airlines, accounted for most of the deaths and injuries nationwide. A spokesman for the company said United saw a significant increase in the number of pets it transported last year, which may have accounted for the rise in transported pet deaths. Counting Cats Because most everyone has their own opinion on whether cats or dogs are smarter, a new study has created quite a stir when it suggested that dogs might have an intelligence edge over cats. On the other hand, a few other studies have shown that cats have a greater mathematical ability than dogs. Meanwhile, other less traditionally “smart” animals like fish and frogs, according to new research, are able to count. Dating Advice For Pet Parents Things can get complicated if you are in a relationship that progresses to the point where you are thinking about moving in together. And if the other person is also bringing a pet to the new household then you have a lot to consider. Animal Radio News Director Lori Brooks has some good advice for pet parents who want to combine households.

Is It Wrong To Love Your Pets More Than Humans? Clinical Forensic Psychologist Dr. John Huber culled research indicating that, given the choice, we prefer puppies over people. Respondents to a recent survey are significantly less distressed when adult humans were victimized, in comparison with human babies, puppies and adult dogs. Myths of Dog Training Monique Feyrecilde breaks the common fallacies associated with training your dog. She’ll share the mistakes we make when trying to change our dog’s behavior. Monique is next in the spotlight in the Fear Free Pets Expert Series. Pets of the Homeless Genevieve Frederick heads up an organization that connects pet food and veterinary care with homeless folks and their animals. Since 2008, her non-profit has found health care for 17,500 pets. Now, the organization is on the hunt for more veterinary practitioners to offer discounted assistance to the homeless. Airline Passenger Allegedly Told To Flush Hamster Down The Toilet This story has become the latest controversial case in airlines versus people seeking to travel with emotional support animals. It sure started a lot of conversations and caused a lot of online emotional venting and virtually all of it not good. It all began Thanksgiving weekend when a beloved pet hamster was flushed down a toilet in an airport bathroom, supposedly after the airline, Spirit Airlines, refused to let a 21 year old college student bring her pet hamster. Why Is It So Important To Care For Your Pet’s Teeth It’s National Pet Dental Month. Not another Hallmark card opportunity. This is the ideal opportunity for your veterinarian to check for dental issues that could ultimately be fatal if gone unchecked. Dental care isn’t about vanity as much as it’s about preventing organ failure because you thought a ‘non-anesthesia dental cleaning’ was all you needed.

Pit Bulls Being Used To Fight Crime Brad Croft of Universal K9 trains shelter pit-bulls to assist police officers in fighting crime and searching for people. The success of the program can be seen around the country as more police departments express interest in these dogs. Fixing A Broken Heart Even the most grounded person can be devastated by the loss of a pet. Dr. Guy Winch is an authority on broken-hearts and has answers to common questions following the death of a pet. He says you should avoid the 5 common mistakes when grieving the loss of a pet, including not getting rid of reminders like feeding bowls and leashes and feeling guilty about getting another pet. Can Dogs Really Smell Fear? If you’ve ever been nervous around a dog and told to just be calm because dogs can “smell fear,” well, that is good advice though most people can’t suddenly calm their fear. Believe it or not, the sentiment behind that guidance is rooted in some truth. While dogs probably can’t literally smell fear, they do seem to respond to fearful people with more aggression according to a new study in the British Medical Journal. If You Gave Your Pet A Valentine Gift, You’re Not Alone The numbers are in and consumer spending for Valentine’s Day was estimated to have grown 8% over last year and that growth is thanks mostly to those who showered their pets with Valentines gifts and surprises. Emotional Support Peacock Not Allowed on United The stories of unruly flights caused by animals continue to grab headlines around the world, like the one where a woman attempted to bring her pet peacock onto a flight out of New Jersey’s Newark airport. The woman was told the big bird would not be allowed on the plane even though the owner had bought a separate ticket for the peacock. United Airlines issued a statement saying the peacock did not meet guidelines for a number of reasons, including its weight and size.

Southwest Airlines Donates Rescue Flight It wasn’t an easy task for pet advocate Mirah Horowitz. She explains how she managed to convince Southwest Airlines to donate a round trip flight to rescue animals from hurricane stricken Puerto Rico. The pilots and flight attendants all donated their time, unpaid for this jaunt to America’s own third-world territory. The government has done little to restore power and clean water to 60% of the island. The animals are suffering. This rescue flight helped many dogs and cats to escape the damage ravaged island. Food Stamps For Pets There’s a big debate brewing about the SNAP program (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program) otherwise known as food stamps. A petition has already attracted signatures from more than 85,000 supporters. Though experts say the petition has very little chance of success, it asks the federal government to modify food-stamp rules to make it easier for low-income people to buy food for their pets. These groups say that allowing food stamps to be used for pet food could potentially keep tens of thousands of animals out of shelters and prevent low-income people from giving their own food to their pets. Is Pet Insurance Worth It? The pet insurance industry is booming. So many players that it’s hard to select the proper insurance. Red Rover CEO Nicole Forsyth discusses pet insurance and how to select it. But pet insurance isn’t the only way to pay for those vet visits. You’ll hear about some other options to care for your pet. 5 Ways To Show Your Pet Some Love Pet World Insider Robert Semrow put together his list of honey-dos for your pet. This is a great way to celebrate Valentine’s Day. After all, who gives you unconditional love year round? The Fear Free Movement Keeps Expanding Fear Free Pets founder Dr. Marty Becker created a way to make vet visits enjoyable for your pet. The new mindset is proliferating all aspects of pet care. Now, you can make your home and Fear Free Happy Home. Dr. Becker will tell us what’s on the docket for 2018 for your pets and Fear Free. Why You Should Know If Your Pet Is Right Or Left Pawed. When your cat knocks your favorite coffee mug off the counter, does it use its left paw or its right? There’s no need to break your favorite cup for the answer because your cat’s gender should tell you enough. According to a small feline-behavior study published in the journal Animal Behavior, female cats are significantly more likely to be right-paw-dominant, while male cats typically favor their left paws.

What If Your Pet Could Talk? There have been some new advances in Artificial Intelligence (A.I.), which suggest the dream of being able to talk with animals could really happen. With the help of A.I., scientists are learning how to translate animals’ vocalizations and facial expressions into something we can understand. Dog Flu Is Year Round Canine Influenza, more commonly known as the ‘dog flu’ is not the same virus as the human flu. For humans, there is a flu season in which the virus is spread, but dog flu is seen year round in pets. You cannot give your dog the flu and you cannot get the flu from your dog. However, dog flu signs and symptoms are much like what people experience such as sneezing, coughing, runny nose and gooey eye discharge. People get flu shots to protect themselves and there IS a flu vaccine for dogs too. Most Common Reasons Pets Go To Vets After treating more than 15,500 animal patients last year, Dove Lewis Veterinary Emergency and Specialty Animal Hospital in Portland has compiled a list of the most common medical issues pets are taken to the vet for, as well as the most common items eaten by pets. The top item pets eat that they shouldn’t is chocolate followed by marijuana and human medications. Stiffer Hoax Has Been Around - Here It Comes Again. For some reason, the rumor that the chemicals used in Swiffer Wet Jet cleaner is killing pets is making the rounds again. But don’t worry - it’s not true! This urban myth has been around for a number of years and seems to get run through the social media grinder every few months. Teaching Kids About Spay & Neuter Lynn Jackson is at the forefront of educating students in Burke County, North Carolina about the acute feral cat and sterilization problems faced by this part of the U.S. She visits with fourth graders and teaches responsible pet ownership.

Tickles Saves Pickles When this little pig got sick and needed a blood transfusion, his guardian, Maddie worked effortlessly to find a match. Thanks to social media, Pickles the Potbellied Pig was saved by Tickles - a 450 lb. donor pig, whom was also saved from the butcher in this ‘win-win-win’ hog story. Examining PVP’s Prior to Vet Visits Dr. Natalie Marks suggest that pet owners use Pre-Visit Pharmaceuticals (PVP) before you go to the veterinarian. This will make the visit easier and more pleasurable for your pet. She says these medications are not sedatives or painkillers, but are effective for easing anxiety. Dr. Marks is next on the Fear Free Pet Expert Series. Microchips FAIL About 15,000 family pets need to have a new microchip inserted because their old microchip no longer works. Especially sad news since it could lead to some pets being mistaken for strays and put down. Pets that are micro-chipped with a product called BioTec, manufactured by Virbac, are at risk. A letter from Virbac says, “It now seems possible all of those BioTec chips might fail over time.” We’ll tell you how to identify if you’re affected by this problem. Couple Stows Cat in Luggage A young Florida couple is facing animal cruelty charges after airport security agents at the Erie, Pennsylvania airport found a cat in their luggage. The 6-month-old female cat named Slim was literally inside the suitcase along with the couples’ clothing and other items. Luckily, the Erie TSA team spotted the cat during pre-flight inspections. Couple Rescues Handi-cats Joe and Lauren DiPaolo have devoted everything to rescuing handicapped cats, or ‘hands-cats.’ Their house is full of cats with one or multiple ailments. They’re providing life-long care for a feline without eyes, a kitty using a wheel contraption in place of legs, and one with a cleft palate, just to name a few of the maladies. You must hear them tell you their story of undying devotion.

Opossum Rescue is a Thing The Opossum’s Pouch Rescue founder Beth Sparks is our guest. She says North America’s only marsupial is quite misunderstood. Beth cares for injured and orphaned Opossums, which are different than Possums. Who knew? Well, apparently everybody, as rescues and social media sites centered on the Opossum are popping up everywhere. Besides, who can resist the little guy in this picture? Denver Bans Cat Declawing Denver has become the first city in Colorado to ban elective cat declawing. The city has decided to prohibit veterinarians from performing the procedure unless it’s medically necessary. That makes Denver the first major U.S. city outside of California to make this move after passing the bill in November. However, the Colorado Veterinary Medical Association opposes the measure saying the decision to declaw a cat or not should be left up to a veterinarian and the pet owner. Judges Decided Pet Custody Divorcing couples in Illinois who can’t agree on who keeps the pets will have a judge decide custody, thanks to a new state law. Usually companion animals are treated like property to be divided up between the couple, because in most states pets are still classified as property. But now with the rise of two-income families opting not to have children, the issue of pet custody is gaining more attention. Fine for Fake Service Dogs An Arizona state lawmaker has introduced a bill that will fine people up to $250 if they’re caught trying to pass their pets off as service animals in public places. As much as this problem irritates many people, some disability advocates worry that if State Senate Bill 1040 becomes law, it may cause more problems and misunderstandings. The Healing Power of Dogs Shannon Kopp is no stranger to Animal Radio. In 2015, she told us about her eating disorder, Bulimia. She was throwing up 20 times a day. It was killing her. No doctor or therapist could help her. Things didn’t change until she met a special dog. Now, she’s advocating the use of animals to help others suffering from eating disorders. You have to hear this incredible and inspiring story told by Shannon.

Officer Tells Story Of Lake Rescue The video of an cop rescuing a dog from a frozen lake has gone viral. Officer Robert Voorhees took a big risk when he decided to cross an ice covered lake in New Jersey. He’ll share his heroic story with Animal Radio listeners. He says anyone would’ve done what he did. Would you? Top Dog-Friendly States With about 90 million dogs living in homes in the US, we are a country of dog lovers. But not all states are equal in terms of safety and amenities for pets. You may be quite surprised by the findings. Where does your state fit in? Pet Owner New Years Resolutions Fear Free certified trainer Debbie Martin thinks both you and your vet should make resolutions and promises to your pet. She’ll share her techniques for creating a Fear Free environment and schedule for your dog. Check out the Fear Free Expert Series. Chinese Pet Economy On The Rise The world of pets is changing in China with the country’s fast rise in wealthy citizens. The Chinese government is calling for residents to create 1,000 “Specialty Towns” by 2020. In Pyongyang County, the specialty theme is pets. There is no doubt that the Chinese pet economy is thriving mostly because of an aging population and declining birth rates. Felony Charges For Boy Who Tossed Kitten There’s good news about the kitten that unfortunately starred in a viral video last month. You’ve heard about Spot, a little 3 and a half-pound calico kitten that was tossed high into the air by a teenage boy in the Southern California. Police got their guy. The San Bernardino County District Attorney’s Office has filed a charge of felony animal cruelty against the 16-year-old suspect. The Real Cost of Owning A Pet You can add up all the vet visits, food and toys and you still would be missing the costs associated with damage to your house… because that happens. Chad Hall with Remodel Mate has tips to help you reduce the damage and do it without selling a kidney.

Comedian and Musician Singing for the Dogs We welcome back Comedian Victoria Jackson (SNL – The Tonight Show) and Singer/Songwriter Kimberly Dahme (rock super-group “Boston”). They’ve co-written a song about a special dog. Victoria just battled stage 3 cancer and won, with the help of “Daisy,” her four-legged medicine. Pet Stores Offering Pet Leases Do you want that cute doggie in the window so much that you would lease it if you couldn’t afford it? You might be in for a shock when a $1,200 dog turns into almost $5,000 in payments. And if you miss a payment, they can come and repossess your dog, because pets are ‘property’ in the eyes of the law. Adopt. Don’t Lease. Los Angeles May Soon Be Home To Vegan Dogs Around 33,000 pooches enter the L.A.’s animal shelters each year. They’re currently fed kibble composed mostly of turkey, chicken and lamb byproducts. But food for LA’s shelter dogs might soon be swapped out for a plant-based food under a new. If they approve the switch, it would make the Los Angeles shelter system the first in the nation to feed its canine residents a vegan diet. Commissioner Roger Wolfson, a Hollywood screenwriter proposed the vegan diet. However, the city’s chief veterinarian has recommended rejecting the proposal. Museum Dedicated to Dogs Cats may be the kings of the Internet, but a museum dedicated to dogs will be opening in Massachusetts. It will feature a private collection of dog inspired paintings, drawings, sculptures, photographs and of course dog accessories. The 8,000 square-foot historic space will feature more than 180 pieces from famous artists and rare dog collars dating back to the 1800s.

Enrichment In The Home During Winter Cold weather usually means the kids and pets spend more time indoors. Less exercise and activity could result in unwanted behavior issues. Dr. E’Lise Christensen is a board certified veterinary behaviorist. She’ll share some great ideas for keeping your pets occupied and out of trouble. As far as the kids go, you’re on your own. This is part of the Fear Free Expert Series. Dealing With Off-Leash Dogs It’s the stuff of nightmares. You and your dog are enjoying a walk through the neighborhood when, all of a sudden, you spot an unaccompanied canine heading your way. It could turn into a bad scene even if your dog is socialized. Stephanie Colman, the manager of the “Puppy Department” at Guide Dogs of America, has the five things you need to do if you encounter an off-leash or stray dog. Do Pets Slow Down Your Aging Process? After all the recent studies about pets keeping humans youthful, there is a new report out in the British Medical Journal that says having a pet doesn’t seem to slow down your aging process after all. Most Popular Pet Names for 2017 The Netflix series “Stranger Things” has some influence on the top pet names of 2017. “Eleven” is becoming commonplace among pet names, after the main character in the popular series. “Star Wars” names like Rey and Leia are up 70%. Pet Food Sector Seeing Tremendous Growth Online U.S. researchers say most of the growth in the pet food sector is going to behemoths Amazon.com and Chewy.com (owned by PetSmart). Other trends include home-delivered and customized fresh foods. Beatles Song For Dogs Sir Paul McCartney is confirming that one of the all time best Beatles songs, ‘A Day in the Life,’ has a special sound included in the track that only your dog can hear. It has long been a rumor that dogs knew something about the song that humans didn’t.

Rescue Crowd-funds Butt-hole For Kitten Shawn Simons is the Headmistress of the Kitty Bungalow Charm School for Wayward Cats. They’re an outstanding non-profit rescue in the Los Angeles area. Shawn just crowd-funded a $10,000 surgery for a kitten. That may not sound unusual until you hear the kitty was born with Imperforate Anus, or no butt-hole. Now, along with television sensation Tosh.0, she’s trying to raise a million for 2000 butt-holes. Who’s Got Your Back When The Raptures Comes? Pastor Travis Davis founded PetsAfterRapture.com. He considers himself the “middle-man” between your pets and the animal-loving non-believers who will be around after the rapture. For a small fee, his service will be dispatched to your home “post-rapture” to care for your pets. Trump Thinks Pets Are Low Class It all started with an article about the Vice-President in The Atlantic. In it, an adviser tells The Atlantic that President Trump reportedly thinks pets are “low class” and was “embarrassed” when Pence announced he and his family would be moving into the Naval Observatory with their pets, which included, at the time, two cats, a rabbit and a snake. That was enough to put pet lovers on edge, but the article also said Trump thinks the Pence family is a bunch of yokels because of all those pets, offending animal lovers across the world. Cannabis Based Pet Supplements Come Under Fire. People anxious to relieve their pet’s physical pain are more and more trying oils and powders that contain CBDs, a non-psychoactive component of marijuana. But, there’s little data on whether these products work, or if they have harmful side effects. That’s because the federal government has not approved any clinical trials of cannabis pet products. The FDA has warned companies that sell marijuana related pet products that they’re violating laws by offering “unapproved new animal drugs.” The FDA has even threatened legal action. Veterinarians See The Most Unusual Things A veterinarian in Oklahoma operated on a dog that wasn’t feeling well after eating its human sibling’s pacifier. The vet could have made a ton of money had he charged for each pacifier he would later take out of the dog’s belly, which ended up being a total of 21. Dr. Debbie shares her “strange and unusual things found in the belly of a dog” stories.

Who Gets Custody Of The Dog? Attorney Jeremy Cohen gave up his job prosecuting those accused of insurance fraud. He found it unfulfilling. Now, he represents dogs. He’ll share the details of several current cases that involve custody battles over pets. Denver Bans Declawing Denver has become the first U.S. city, outside of California, to ban the declawing of cats. The new law prohibits veterinarians from performing the controversial procedure unless it’s medically necessary. Cat lovers are praising the Denver City Council for passing the ordinance declaring that the elective declawing of cats is both inhumane and painful to the felines. Now, Denver just needs to work on reversing the ban of pit bull breeds within city limits. FDA Warns Against Certain Types of Dog Treats The FDA has issued a warning for prepackaged treats called “Ham Bones,” “Pork Femur Bones,” “Rib Bones” and “Smokey Knuckle Bones,” which could be dangerous treats for your dog. The federal government agency has collected at least 68 reports about 90 different dogs and 15 deaths after eating these types of bones. Problems associated with the bones include choking, cuts and wounds, vomiting, diarrhea, bleeding and death in some cases. Experts add that chicken bones can cause the same problems. Fear Free Now Certifying Trainers As the Fear Free movement explodes, now dog trainers can become certified using methods that make the learning experience more appealing to the dog. Finding a Fear Free trainer has become easier using the online database. Mikkel Becker tells us how Fear Free makes a difference in behavior training. Visit the Fear Free Expert Series for more. Specialized Mobile Animal Rescue Team SMART is the first Specialized Mobile Animal Rescue Team. SMART was created because there was a demand for a team dedicated to rescuing animals stuck in extreme situations. Members of SMART combined their passion for rescuing animals with their recreational knowledge and experience of rock climbing and rappelling? Officer Armando Naverrete is our guest to talk about some of his most unusual rescues.

Human Like Toilet For Your Cat There’s a new human-like toilet on the market for cats. It is called Catolet. It’s basically a conveyor belt-equipped automatically-flushing toilet that’s made for cats. Ideally, the Catolet is installed in a bathroom where it is permanently connected to the water supply and sewage system with hoses that are included. Right now you can sign up to get one of the first ones for $299. Life’s A Pooch Pet pontificator Boze Haleigh is back on Animal Radio to celebrate the connection with our dogs. He’s queried hundreds of celebrities and well-known people for quotes about “man’s best friend.” Giving Back - Paying it Forward Animal Radio’s Pet World Insider Robert Semrow has five ways you can give back to the pet world this holiday season. Giving Your Dog Your Undivided Attention New research suggests dogs make a wider variety of facial expressions when their owners or companions are paying attention to them. So, while you are sitting at a computer holding on to a toy while your dog basically plays tug of war with itself, is not nearly as beneficial to them as when you invest your attention in that play time. First Responders Can Now Treat Pets In Wisconsin Wisconsin lawmakers are pushing to change state law and allow first responders to treat pets when responding to an emergency. However, the departments do not receive special training for handling pets and they do prioritize saving human lives first. 22 other states in the U.S. already allow first responders to provide animals with emergency care. AIBO The Robotic Dog Is Reborn Sony Corp is going to try again with its robotic dog AIBO after more than a decade. AIBO is billed as a pet that behaves like a real dog using artificial intelligence to learn and interact with its handler and surroundings. Numerous studies have been done with robotic dogs and nursing home patients with fantastic results.