Summary: Mahler was the Artistic Director of the Vienna Court Opera from 1897-1907. During his tenure, he instituted reforms, raised playing levels, and introduced new operas to the audience. Despite grudging admiration from all corners, he was reviled for his bull in a china shop attitude. Openly anti-semitic critics attempted to force him out. The 3rd movement could be seen as Mahler's response to all of this turmoil and struggle. We'll talk all about the bitterness, sarcasm, and rage behind this short movement.
